The various forms of spores play an important role in the spread and survival of P. The development of sexual spores, known as oospores, is triggered by hormonal contact. When isolates of opposite mating types (A1 and A2) cross, there seems to be a sexual cycle. Phytophthora infestans does have an asexual life cycle that includes hyphal development, sporangia germination, sporulation, (either by zoospore production or direct germination, namely the germ tube emergence from the sporangium), and hyphal growth re-establishment. Heinrich Anton de Bary (1831–1888), a German mycologist, invented the term Phytophthora infestans in 1876. Phytophthora is a genus that means "decay, fail, perish." The species name infestans is derived from the present participle of the Latin verb infestare, which means "to strike, kill," and wherein the word "infest" is derived. Late blight of potato symptoms: Late blight symptoms include extreme yellowing, browning, spotting, withering, or death of leaves, flowers, berries, stems, or the entire plant. At a relatively warm range of temperatures of 20 to 24 ☌ (68 to 75 ☏), lesion growth rates are normally optimum. Moisture and cooler temperatures are favourable to the pathogen: sporulation is best at 12–18 ☌ in water-saturated or almost saturated conditions, and zoospore development is best at temperatures under 15 ☌ (59 ☏). Certain other members of the Solanaceae family may also be infected by the organism. The 1840s European, 1845-1852 Irish, and 1846 Highland potato famines were all caused by late blight. Alternaria solani causes early blight, which is also known as "potato blight." Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete, or water mould, a fungus-like microorganism that induces potato blight, or late blight, a severe potato and tomato disease.
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